The Classic Treatise Evolution By Jay Gould - 1171 Words

The late Stephen Jay Gould, a noted paleontologist who once described himself as an â€Å"agnostic leaning towards atheism,† wrote the classic treatise Evolution as Fact and Theory for Discover magazine back in 1981. His distinguished career and scientific achievements did earn him respect amongst his peers, but to the general public he is best known for his popular science writings and, to smaller circles, as a champion of evolution. As his treatise was written for a non-academic, science themed magazine, a basic understanding of science, and specifically evolutionary mechanics, was assumed of his audience. The treatise itself is on the often overlapping distinction between â€Å"theory† and â€Å"fact†; two words, he asserts, that creationists†¦show more content†¦And, as colorful exchanges are far more entertaining than dry discourse, it also remains a source of his popular appeal. As for addressing fact versus theory, the two keywords in the titular treatise, he is slow to get to the point. Over the next paragraph he asserts creationists, as a sweeping generalization, have â€Å"presented not a single new fact,† and they have â€Å"†¦arguments that seemed kooky just a decade ago.† This, with the accusation that creationist’s true motivations are political, along with the improper comparison of â€Å"scientific creationism† to the Orwellian term â€Å"newspeak,† bears no relevance to the denotive differences between fact and theory in any context. Also, his attacking an opposing stance, and failing to point out any contradictions or fallacies therein, could be an indication that his own position lacks substance. Of course Professor Gould’s writings were rarely without substance. He does go on to point out two creationist’s argumentative fallacies and then, finally, he addresses the issue of fact versus theory. His distinction, summed up both imperfectly and incompletely: a theory is comprised as a rigid, codified series of explanations of the facts; therefore, the theory of evolution, a consistent explanation of the recurring trends found in the fossil record, is in line with said â€Å"facts.† It is a

The, Three Dimensional Printing Of Tissues - 1727 Words

Bioprinting, three-dimensional printing of tissues, will have a positive impact in the medical field through assisting patients in need of transplants and scientists in drug development without the use of humans or animals. Bioprinting will evolve as time goes on, facing legal and ethical questions in the process. Bioprinting, is the process of creating tissues through a three-dimensional printer. The original goal for bioprinting was to create working organs, but living cells that function on their own to make the organ is a more difficult feature the achieve. The research of organ printing first came up at the University of Missouri Columbia and was lead by Gabor Forgacs; he patented NovoGenâ„ ¢, an operating system for bioprinting. â€Å"Gabor Forgacs, who co-founded Organovo in 2007 and was the company’s scientific mastermind† (â€Å"Bioprinters,† 2014). The idea of bioprinting began at the San Diego Organovo. Sometime during the year 2007, the experimentation of creating tissues, like pieces of the lung and heart, have taken place at Organovo. Seven years from the initial official start of Organovo, their first fragment of human liver tissue goes out for commercial sale. â€Å"In January (2014) samples of its first product—slivers of human liver tissueâ₠¬â€were delivered to an outside laboratory for testing† (â€Å"Bioprinters,† 2014). This was one of the first mass productions human tissues, created at a very quick rate, â€Å"... in sets of 24 and take about 30 minutes to produce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Show MoreRelatedEssay On 3d Printing1354 Words   |  6 Pagesartificial manufacturing of three-dimensional objects for medical applications is expanding rapidly and, in the near future, is expected to revolutionize the healthcare industry. This technology built a foundation for engineers to create digital models on a computer and have a physical 3D rendering of the object to a doctor within hours. The main uses for 3D printing in the medical field include the creation of personalized prosthetics, anatomical models specific to each patient, tissue and organ fabricationRead More3d Printers And Its Effects On The World s Vision1101 Words   |  5 Pagestechnologies are being developed quickly and change the world s vision. 3D printing is the innovation that will make the further breakthrough and turn the world upside down. One can print everything, starting from the plastic figures finishing with the tools, clothes, bicycles, weapon, and human body organs using the stem cells. Moreover, there are the printers that are capable of replicating itself. Three-dimensional printing transforms the computer model of the object into a really-existing one applyingRead MoreHow Digital Printing Is Revolutionize Our Modern Day Lives?1258 Words   |  6 Pagesink on a piece of paper? Three-dimensional printing is revolutionizing our modern day lives in our own selves as we speak. Although there are several types of 3D printing, one version that has caught the public’s attention is 3D medical printing, or also known as bio printing. This emerging technology will enable future 3D printers to produce synthetic human tissue, and eventually human organs and transform how doctors and patients view medicine. The use of 3D Printing dates back to 1980’s whenRead MoreUsing 3d Printing Have Come Into The World Of Technology1163 Words   |  5 Pagesthere have been various articles on interesting things that have been made through printing. And in particular, objects created through the use of 3D printing have come into the world of technology. The reason I believe that this technological trend is interesting because the objects that are being printed here are microscopic.When created, these materials would be used to make essential things like biological tissue. With all the medical issues that impact our world today, any new innovation thatRead MoreEvaluating The Future Of Medicine1508 Words   |  7 Pagescould do other than put ink on a piece of paper? Three-dimensional printing is revolutionizing our modern day lives as we speak. Although there are several types of 3D printing, one version that has caught the public’s attention is 3D medical printing, or also known as b io printing. 3D medical printing will revolutionize the medical field and makes lives easier. 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Since the industrial revolution we as a nation have had plenty of technological advances that have impacted our lives. Healthcare is one of the most prominent and impactful systems in the world. Technology in healthcare can ultimately make a huge difference in the performance of care and patient outcomes. One recently new innovation inRead MoreUse Of Bio Printers As A Replacement For Current Organ Donation Treatments1442 Words   |  6 Pagesa wide range of settings in which 3D printing technology can be implemented in. In this paper, the potential use of bio-printers as a replacement for current organ donation treatments was investigated. The current organ situation in Australia was explored to assess whether the implementation of bio-printing was suitable. It was discovered that more than 1,500 people are on the Australian organ transplant wait ing list, and was thus concluded that bio-printing technology could assist in reducing stressRead MoreMedical 3 D Printing Case Study1529 Words   |  7 PagesMedical 3-D Printing What would you do if you needed surgery and the doctor told you there was new technology that allow surgeons to spend less time while operating and is much safer? The parents of ten-year-old Kevin Yintia from Kansas City was faced with this type of question earlier this year. Kevin contracted an infection living in Central African Republic while he was just a baby. This infection caused severe damage to Kevin’s hip, which made him smaller than the average boy. Since KevinRead More3d Printing Or Additive Manufacturing1630 Words   |  7 Pages 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross- section of the eventual object. It all starts with making a virtual design of the object you want to

Project Management Methodology Organisations Projects

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Methodology for Organisations Projects. Answer: Methodology Definition To carry out a particular task, set of methodsare used to provide guidelines, which is termed as methodology. PMBOK, PRINCE2, Agile, Waterfall, SDLC etc. are some of the methodologies that are used to manage projects in an organization. For the betterment of the project, there are three methodologies that are very important. Because these yield a streamline approaches for the activities during the execution of the project and help in delivering projects on time. They also provide steps to overcome challenges during the project. Some of these steps are related to budget issues, schedule, over-run and additional potential risk. Project Methodologies PMBoK and PRINCE2 PMBOK and PRINCE2 are two of the most important project management methodologies that are used to manage the project. PMBOK stands for project Management Body of Knowledge and Prince2 Stands for project controlled environment. These two have theirdistinguishes sets of methods which help in managing the project task (Rankins, 2009). The objective that is served by these two methodologies is similar in nature. They are designed and defined to manage the project with all required efforts. It helps in overcoming challenges during the working onthe project. There is a key feature that distinguished them from others. The veryfirst and the most important difference between both of them is that PRINCE2 is a methodology based on process. Whereas on the other hand, PMBOK is a knowledge based methodology. The roles are well defined in Prince2 as compare to PMBOK. PMBOK primarily focuses on the project managers responsibilities. He is the prime source who takes up all the responsibility of the task that has to be completed on time. He is the one who can lead to take measure when anything is wrong. Project manager is the in charge of risk management while working on a project. These risks are scope-creeps, schedule over-run, changes related to technological advancements, lack of resources etc. He is held into an account to resolve these obstacles. In PRINCE2 the role of PM is to be a mediator between board of member and the team. This is a cycle of reporting from team to the board members. Further, he discusses the issues and solution that needs to be taken when there is any risk to be faced. PMBOK is said to be more feasible than PRINCE2(Duncan, 2013). Project life cycle and project methodology PLC also known as Project Life Cycle includes a step by step presentation of project working from the very beginning and till the completion. Initiation, Planning, Delivering and closing are the stages the is included in the project. PRINCE2 methodologies and their methods are very closely staged with respect to the project life cycle. This cycle, begins with project initiation (Advantagelearning, 2016). This determines the primary objectives of the project coupled with the project briefing and risk estimation. There are stages when one has to adopt measures from a successful project management, which further leads to the timely delivery of project. Resulting into timely closing of the same. PMBOK also includes different stages of the PLC,however, owns its respective methods. These methods are teemed as Phases. Initiation phase is the first most phase in PMBOK that includes the feasibility in studying project. Second is the phase primarily related to planning that includes the defining scope and activities to plant out the whole project in respect to Budgeting and schedule estimation. Later third comes execution phase involves activities related to the developments of the ongoing projects as per the needs. During these phases, there are number of risks that will come up and this the same has to be handled by methods that are defined in PMBOK. Fourth phase is relatedto the controlling parameters. There might be times when number of changes are required or arises that need to be implemented or resourced. These are managed effectively and controlled in the phase of PMBOK (Collet, 2016). PMBOK and PRINCE2 are the two distinguished project management methodologies which has their own merits and demerits. These depend on a number of factors that take a selection of particular methodologies during the project. These include Project client, schedule of project, and etc. References Advantagelearning.co.uk. (2016).PRINCE2 2009 Methodology: Principles, Themes and Processes | Advantage Learning. [online] Available at: https://www.advantagelearning.co.uk/prince2/what-is-prince2.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Collet, B. (2016).Bruno Collet: Comparing PMBOK and Prince2 in 1000 words. [online] Brunocollet.com. Available at: https://www.brunocollet.com/2013/01/comparing-pmbok-and-prince2-in-1000.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Duncan, W. (2013).A Guide to Project management Body of Knowledge. 1st ed. [ebook] USA, pp.22-24. Available at: https://www2.fiit.stuba.sk/~bielik/courses/msi-slov/reporty/pmbok.pdf [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Rankins, G. (2009).Comparing PMBoK and PRINCE2 in 2009. 1st ed. [ebook] Australia, pp.22-26. Available at: https://goalgroup.com.au/SiteFiles/goalgroupcomau//C007_ComparingPMBoKAndPRINCE2In2009.pdf [Accessed 11 Aug. 2016].